TransitWiki - User contributions [en]

Bike parking at transit stations

2015-10-13T21:10:49Z

Mcaswell:

[[File:Long-beach-bike-station.jpg|thumbnail|right|Long Beach Bike Station next to a Blue Line Station. Photo by Bikestation.com ]]
==Introduction==
Bicycling is a great way to complete the [[last mile connection]] for transit operations and transit users are often faced with two options: leave the bike at their station or bring it aboard with them. Providing welcoming, secure bicycle parking facilities is a great way to help customers feel at ease leaving their bicycle and to expand the catchment area for transit station use.

While many transit systems allow customers to bring their bicycle on trains, some transit systems, such as San Francisco’s MUNI Light Rail do not. When bicycle access is prohibited or limited, it is even more essential that systems provide bike parking that will allow people to leave their bicycle, regardless of value.

==Class I Bike Parking ==

Class 1 Bicycle Parking Spaces are defined as “Facilities which protect the entire bicycle, its components and accessories against theft and against inclement weather, including wind-driven rain.”<ref>SFMTA. "Bicycle Parking: Standards, Guidelines, Recommendations." Accessed May 22, 2015 http://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/Bicycle_Parking_Guidelines.pdf</ref>. These facilities include lockers, monitored parking, or restricted access areas. For customers who plan to leave their bicycle at the transit station all day, Class I bike parking is often the preferred choice.

===Long-Term Locker Rentals===
[[File:Green-Line-Bike-Lockers.jpg|thumbnail|right|Bike Lockers at a LA Metro Green Line Station. Photo by LA Metro.]]
Some transit systems, such as LA Metro, offer locker rentals on an six-month basis to individuals. Long-term rental programs often require the public to be added to waiting lists and prevent casual use of lockers – but since they require little technological investments, are often less costly than other programs.

===Electronic Lockers===
Modern technology allows for easy pay-per-minute locker rentals using systems such as [https://www.bikelink.org/ BikeLink] or magnetized passes. Depending on the provider, these programs can accommodate immediate sign-up for casual locker users and require little oversight by agency staff, especially if integrated with the transit users farecard.

===Concerns with Lockers===
Transit systems often have lockers both inside and outside stations, though security is sometimes a concern for underground stations. Lockers are large and bulky and are often an attractive canvas for graffiti.

===Limited Access Rooms===
The BART Station at Embarcadero and Berkeley have locked rooms where customers can gain access to the room only by using a membership-based BikeLink card. The Embarcadero Station room is available to users during station hours, while the Berkeley Station facility is available 24 hours a day for subscribers. By limiting access, this type of facility can qualify as Class I Bike Parking, though the bikes are still prone to theft if someone is able to gain access to the room. Users are encouraged to use standard locking process and remove components, though reported thefts are rare. Since these types of facilities require user registration, users must plan ahead and request an access key weeks in advance, which can limit acceptance from a broader base.

[[File:Caltrain-bike-parking.jpeg|thumbnail|right|Valet bike parking station at CalTrain's downtown SF station. Photo by SFBike. ]]
===Valet/Monitored Stations===
Just like car valet or monitored parking garages, some transit stations operate programs where bicycles are either parked or, at least, watched by a paid staff member. BART Stations in Fruitvale and Berkeley and CalTrain in downtown San Francisco operate street-level bike parking that also operate as bike repair shops and bike accessory shops. The City of Long Beach operates a Bike Station in a transit-only mall near the LA Metro Blue Line station in downtown. These programs are often funded in part by the transit systems and operated by private for-profit companies. Valet stations park bikes during the day at no or low-cost and operate during operational hours of the transit system. Some locations offer 24-hour access for members in addition to monitored station for an additional fee. Los Angeles Metro has plans to open valet facilities in Union Station and at the Hollywood/Vine Red Line station in the coming years.

==Class II (short-term) Bike Parking==

Class 2 bike parking is defined as: “Bicycle racks which permit the locking of the bicycle frame and one wheel to the rack and, which support the bicycle in a stable position without ds/Bicycle_Parking_Guidelines.pdf</ref> These include inverted-U bike racks and many other types of racks available through a variety of commercial companies.

===Location===
[[File:Bart-bike-parking.jpg ‎|thumbnail|right|BART bike parking inside faregate, visible to station agent to reduce theft. Photo by Aaron Neparstek.]]
Bike parking should be easily visible from the entrance of a transit station, and signage should be provided where appropriate. Bike access to the station should be made easy through elevators, escalators, or ramps and agencies to work to avoid requiring customers to carry bikes up or down stairs, if possible.

For security, bike parking should be provided on the interior of the faregate to reduce potential for theft. If there is a station agent, it is recommended the bike parking be located in their line of sight to further deter theft.

The area should be well-lit and not secluded for both personal safety and theft deterrence.

===Types of Racks===

While there are many bike racks available on the market, it is important that the rack have the ability to accommodate a variety of locks including U-locks and chains. The racks should allow an individual to easily secure their bicycle frame (not just the wheel) to the rack. Two points of contact help keeps bicycle upright, which can cause tripping hazards and/or damage bicycles.

BART Stations in Oakland have begun to use stacked bike parking which has increased capacity without increasing the footprint of the facility.

==Abandoned Bike Policies==
[[File:Tagged-wheel.jpg|thumbnail|right|A bicycle wheel with a dated tag on it to allow transit stations to identify abandoned bicycles in Lusanne, Switzerland train station.]]
One of the most challenging aspects of providing public bike storage is managing abandoned bicycles. While the overwhelmingly majority of bicycles will be locked and removed in a timely manner, there will inevitably be a few bikes that are left for an extended period of time, reducing capacity. Transit agencies should post clear signage that bicycles may not be stored longer than a designated period and are subject to removal (for example, 72 hours). Though this law will not require daily enforcement, a periodic sweep of all parked bicycles can help to keep bike racks available to customers.

During these ‘sweeps’ a staff member may place a tag around the bicycle’s handlebars or wheel stating that the bike is subject to removal in 72 hours unless this tag is removed. Those who retrieve their bicycles in a timely fashion can simply remove the tag, and those who have left their bikes an extended period can be removed. This process would likely be required no more than 2-4 times a year for most stations.

Bike locks are relatively easy to remove, and there are a variety of agencies, such as local YMCA’s, homeless shelters, or other non-profits who would likely accept the bicycles as a donation for those in need. Contact a local bicycle advocacy organization in your area for more local recommendations.

[[Category:Investment and planning]]
[[Category:Transit and Public Health]]

Bicycle access at transit stations

2015-10-13T21:10:30Z

Mcaswell: added category

[[File:Bikes-Boarding-Caltrain.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Customers boarding a CalTrain car. Photo by Bryan Goebel.]]
==Introduction==
Bicycling is a great way to complete the [[last mile connections]] connection for transit operations and increase the radius of access for transit stations. People who arrive at transit stations by bike often face challenges in accessing the station – whether they use [[Bike Parking At Transit Stations]] or bring the bicycle on the vehicle.

Since many transit stations are either aboveground or belowground, it is important to evaluate how a customer with a bicycle could access the station and, ultimately, the vehicle. Stairs, escalators, and elevators pose specific challenges for customers with bicycles.

==Bicycles and Stairs==
[[File:Bikeramp-copenhagen.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bike ramp in Copenhagen. Photo by Jonathan Maus.]]While many customers may be able to lift their bicycle and carry it up and down stairs, people of smaller stature (especially women) or people with heavy bicycles may not be able to do so. Ramps that are designs for people in wheelchairs could be accessible to people on bicycle as well, though signs prohibiting riding on these ramps are often essential for safety.

Across the world there are numerous designs for stair channelization to permit people to roll bicycles up and down stairways, but are uncommon in the United States. San Francisco’s BART has implemented a trial at 16th Street Station, as has Los Angeles Metro at the El Monte Bus Station. In both locations, users have expressed dissatisfaction with the design because it is too close to the wall and railings.<ref>Systemic Failure Blog. https://systemicfailure.wordpress.com/2011/11/21/the-problem-with-stair-channels/ </ref><ref>Boy on a Bike Blog. https://boyonabike.wordpress.com/tag/el-monte-station</ref>

==Bicycles and Escalators==
Most transit agencies prohibit bicycles on escalators (BART, LA Metro, for example) for safety reasons. If signs are erected prohibiting bicycles on escalators, it is recommended that the signage include directional information to stairs and/or elevators to improve compliance. The prohibition on escalators is often applicable to strollers or other wheeled devices for safety reasons.

==Bicycles and Elevators==
Since most stations have elevators in order to accommodate customers in wheelchairs, bicycling customers who cannot carry a bicycle up/down stairs usually have an alternative. Signage directing bicyclists to elevators can help improve compliance and use; but elevators are often avoided due to cleanliness and personal safety issues.

==Bicycles on Platform==
[[File:Bart-bike-waiting-area.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A customer using BART Bicycle Waiting Area. Photo by Marc Caswell.]]There is a nearly universal prohibition against riding any wheeled object on transit platforms for safety reasons. However, since customers may need to enter the train with their bicycle, people often push their devices on the platform. To reduce conflicts between customers boarding and alighting, some agencies such as BART have created 'Bicycle Waiting Areas' near the entrances but out of the way of those exiting the train.

==Bicycles on Trains==
Transit agencies across California have a variety of policies regarding bicycles on trains, trollies, or cable cars. Some agencies allow bicycles at all times; other limit access to specific hours or load conditions; some systems limit the number per car or prohibit bicycles altogether. Bicycle advocates often point to strollers or rolling bags as an analogous object, which is rarely regulated or prohibited on any trains.

[[File:Bike-on-sacramentortd-light-rail.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bicycle on a Sacramento Regional Transportation District Light Rail Vehicle. Photo by Paul Dorn.]]
* '''BART:''' In late 2013, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) lifted its prohibition on bicycles during rush hour, allowing riders to bring their bikes on trains at all hours. The system requests customers with bicycles to avoid entering crowded trains; and prohibits bicycles on the first three cars to provide a space for riders who do not want to share cars with bicycles. To complement this policy, BART modified seating layouts and created ‘Bicycle Priority Areas’ inside trains near the doors to allow customers with bikes easier access.<ref>Bay Area Rapid Transit Bicycle Rules. http://www.bart.gov/guide/bikes</ref>
* '''CalTrain:''' Bicycles are allowed inside bike cars on CalTrain, which can accommodate either 80 bikes or 48 bikes, depending on the cars on a specific train.<ref>CalTrain Bicycle Rules. http://www.caltrain.com/riderinfo/Bicycles/Bicycle_FAQs.html </ref>
* '''Sacramento Regional Transit:''' Bicycles are allowed on light rail trains operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District (SRTD) at all times. On older trains, bicycles can be placed near the front or rear of the train by the flip-up seats. On the newer trains, there are racks for up to four bicycles. SRTD requests that customers with bicycles board/alight after all other passengers have done so.<ref>Sacramento Regional Transit District Bicycle Rules. http://www.sacrt.com/biking.stm </ref>
* '''SFMTA:''' The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) operates both cable cars and light rail. Bicycles are not allowed on cable cars or historic light rail vehicles due to size constraints and issues with access. Bicycles are prohibited on modern light rail vehicles as well, due to the motorized raising and lowering of floors.<ref>San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Bicycle Rules. https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/transit/how-ride/how-to-ride-light-rail </ref>
* '''San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley:''' San Diego Metropolitan Transit System allows two bicycles on the trolley throughout the day, but only one during peak hours.<ref>San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley Bicycle Rules. http://www.sdmts.com/Bikes_onboard.asp </ref>
* '''Valley Transportation Authority (VTA):''' VTA allows up to six bicycles per light rail vehicle. Four are allowed on the provided racks, and two may stand on the center section of the vehicle.<ref>Valley Transportation Authority Bicycle Rules. http://www.vta.org/projects-and-programs/planning/bikes-bikes-on-transit </ref>

==Folding Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
When folded, folding bicycles are often similar in size to a standard briefcase or piece of luggage. Most agencies allow folded bicycles to be brought onto trains and vehicles, including all of the agencies mentioned above.

==Electric Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
Since electric bicycles are still a new technology, agencies have widely varying rules related to customers with electric bicycles. LA Metro prohibits all electric and fuel-powered bicycles. San Diego allows specific types of batteries and requires bicycles must be less than 55 pounds. VTA specifies: “Only human powered and sealed dry or gel cell electric assisted bicycles are allowed.” SFMTA and BART do not specify any rules regarding electric or gas-powered bicycles.

==Emergencies & Safety==
The most frequent concern regarding bicycles on transit vehicles is related to egress in the event of an emergency. While bicycles could pose a tripping hazard in such event, the threat is no more serious than strollers, luggage, or other objects carried by passengers. Clearly stated policies, such as BART, require that customers leave their bicycles in the event of emergency.

One other concern regarding bicycles and transit stems from a common myth that bicycles may be converted into pipe bombs. This stems from a sticker from Pensacola, Florida-based band named “This Bike is a Pipe Bomb” which has caused individuals to report these bicycles as an emergency threat. There have been a few bombings related to bicycles throughout history, but never in the United States and never on a transit vehicle. In most cases, the bomb was placed inside of a basket or bag -- and the bicycle was incidental to the movement of the weapon.<ref>Wikipedia: Bicycle Bomb. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_bomb </ref>

[[Category:Investment and planning]]
[[Category:Transit and Public Health]]

Bicycle access at transit stations

2015-10-13T21:09:09Z

Mcaswell: added category

Bicycle access at transit stations

2015-06-19T21:56:49Z

Mcaswell: fixed link

Bicycle access at transit stations

2015-06-19T21:56:22Z

Mcaswell: fixed link

[[File:Bikes-Boarding-Caltrain.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Customers boarding a CalTrain car. Photo by Bryan Goebel.]]
==Introduction==
Bicycling is a great way to complete the [[last mile connections]] connection for transit operations and increase the radius of access for transit stations. People who arrive at transit stations by bike often face challenges in accessing the station – whether they use [[Bike Parking at Transit Stations]] or bring the bicycle on the vehicle.

Since many transit stations are either aboveground or belowground, it is important to evaluate how a customer with a bicycle could access the station and, ultimately, the vehicle. Stairs, escalators, and elevators pose specific challenges for customers with bicycles.

==Bicycles and Stairs==
[[File:Bikeramp-copenhagen.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bike ramp in Copenhagen. Photo by Jonathan Maus.]]While many customers may be able to lift their bicycle and carry it up and down stairs, people of smaller stature (especially women) or people with heavy bicycles may not be able to do so. Ramps that are designs for people in wheelchairs could be accessible to people on bicycle as well, though signs prohibiting riding on these ramps are often essential for safety.

Across the world there are numerous designs for stair channelization to permit people to roll bicycles up and down stairways, but are uncommon in the United States. San Francisco’s BART has implemented a trial at 16th Street Station, as has Los Angeles Metro at the El Monte Bus Station. In both locations, users have expressed dissatisfaction with the design because it is too close to the wall and railings.<ref>Systemic Failure Blog. https://systemicfailure.wordpress.com/2011/11/21/the-problem-with-stair-channels/ </ref><ref>Boy on a Bike Blog. https://boyonabike.wordpress.com/tag/el-monte-station</ref>

==Bicycles and Escalators==
Most transit agencies prohibit bicycles on escalators (BART, LA Metro, for example) for safety reasons. If signs are erected prohibiting bicycles on escalators, it is recommended that the signage include directional information to stairs and/or elevators to improve compliance. The prohibition on escalators is often applicable to strollers or other wheeled devices for safety reasons.

==Bicycles and Elevators==
Since most stations have elevators in order to accommodate customers in wheelchairs, bicycling customers who cannot carry a bicycle up/down stairs usually have an alternative. Signage directing bicyclists to elevators can help improve compliance and use; but elevators are often avoided due to cleanliness and personal safety issues.

==Bicycles on Platform==
[[File:Bart-bike-waiting-area.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A customer using BART Bicycle Waiting Area. Photo by Marc Caswell.]]There is a nearly universal prohibition against riding any wheeled object on transit platforms for safety reasons. However, since customers may need to enter the train with their bicycle, people often push their devices on the platform. To reduce conflicts between customers boarding and alighting, some agencies such as BART have created 'Bicycle Waiting Areas' near the entrances but out of the way of those exiting the train.

==Bicycles on Trains==
Transit agencies across California have a variety of policies regarding bicycles on trains, trollies, or cable cars. Some agencies allow bicycles at all times; other limit access to specific hours or load conditions; some systems limit the number per car or prohibit bicycles altogether. Bicycle advocates often point to strollers or rolling bags as an analogous object, which is rarely regulated or prohibited on any trains.

[[File:Bike-on-sacramentortd-light-rail.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bicycle on a Sacramento Regional Transportation District Light Rail Vehicle. Photo by Paul Dorn.]]
* '''BART:''' In late 2013, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) lifted its prohibition on bicycles during rush hour, allowing riders to bring their bikes on trains at all hours. The system requests customers with bicycles to avoid entering crowded trains; and prohibits bicycles on the first three cars to provide a space for riders who do not want to share cars with bicycles. To complement this policy, BART modified seating layouts and created ‘Bicycle Priority Areas’ inside trains near the doors to allow customers with bikes easier access.<ref>Bay Area Rapid Transit Bicycle Rules. http://www.bart.gov/guide/bikes</ref>
* '''CalTrain:''' Bicycles are allowed inside bike cars on CalTrain, which can accommodate either 80 bikes or 48 bikes, depending on the cars on a specific train.<ref>CalTrain Bicycle Rules. http://www.caltrain.com/riderinfo/Bicycles/Bicycle_FAQs.html </ref>
* '''Sacramento Regional Transit:''' Bicycles are allowed on light rail trains operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District (SRTD) at all times. On older trains, bicycles can be placed near the front or rear of the train by the flip-up seats. On the newer trains, there are racks for up to four bicycles. SRTD requests that customers with bicycles board/alight after all other passengers have done so.<ref>Sacramento Regional Transit District Bicycle Rules. http://www.sacrt.com/biking.stm </ref>
* '''SFMTA:''' The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) operates both cable cars and light rail. Bicycles are not allowed on cable cars or historic light rail vehicles due to size constraints and issues with access. Bicycles are prohibited on modern light rail vehicles as well, due to the motorized raising and lowering of floors.<ref>San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Bicycle Rules. https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/transit/how-ride/how-to-ride-light-rail </ref>
* '''San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley:''' San Diego Metropolitan Transit System allows two bicycles on the trolley throughout the day, but only one during peak hours.<ref>San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley Bicycle Rules. http://www.sdmts.com/Bikes_onboard.asp </ref>
* '''Valley Transportation Authority (VTA):''' VTA allows up to six bicycles per light rail vehicle. Four are allowed on the provided racks, and two may stand on the center section of the vehicle.<ref>Valley Transportation Authority Bicycle Rules. http://www.vta.org/projects-and-programs/planning/bikes-bikes-on-transit </ref>

==Folding Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
When folded, folding bicycles are often similar in size to a standard briefcase or piece of luggage. Most agencies allow folded bicycles to be brought onto trains and vehicles, including all of the agencies mentioned above.

==Electric Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
Since electric bicycles are still a new technology, agencies have widely varying rules related to customers with electric bicycles. LA Metro prohibits all electric and fuel-powered bicycles. San Diego allows specific types of batteries and requires bicycles must be less than 55 pounds. VTA specifies: “Only human powered and sealed dry or gel cell electric assisted bicycles are allowed.” SFMTA and BART do not specify any rules regarding electric or gas-powered bicycles.

==Emergencies & Safety==
The most frequent concern regarding bicycles on transit vehicles is related to egress in the event of an emergency. While bicycles could pose a tripping hazard in such event, the threat is no more serious than strollers, luggage, or other objects carried by passengers. Clearly stated policies, such as BART, require that customers leave their bicycles in the event of emergency.

One other concern regarding bicycles and transit stems from a common myth that bicycles may be converted into pipe bombs. This stems from a sticker from Pensacola, Florida-based band named “This Bike is a Pipe Bomb” which has caused individuals to report these bicycles as an emergency threat. There have been a few bombings related to bicycles throughout history, but never in the United States and never on a transit vehicle. In most cases, the bomb was placed inside of a basket or bag -- and the bicycle was incidental to the movement of the weapon.<ref>Wikipedia: Bicycle Bomb. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_bomb </ref>

Bicycle access at transit stations

2015-06-19T21:54:53Z

Mcaswell: updated link

[[File:Bikes-Boarding-Caltrain.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Customers boarding a CalTrain car. Photo by Bryan Goebel.]]
==Introduction==
Bicycling is a great way to complete the [[last mile connections]] connection for transit operations and increase the radius of access for transit stations. People who arrive at transit stations by bike often face challenges in accessing the station – whether they use [[bicycle parking at the station]] or bring the bicycle on the vehicle.

Since many transit stations are either aboveground or belowground, it is important to evaluate how a customer with a bicycle could access the station and, ultimately, the vehicle. Stairs, escalators, and elevators pose specific challenges for customers with bicycles.

==Bicycles and Stairs==
[[File:Bikeramp-copenhagen.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bike ramp in Copenhagen. Photo by Jonathan Maus.]]While many customers may be able to lift their bicycle and carry it up and down stairs, people of smaller stature (especially women) or people with heavy bicycles may not be able to do so. Ramps that are designs for people in wheelchairs could be accessible to people on bicycle as well, though signs prohibiting riding on these ramps are often essential for safety.

Across the world there are numerous designs for stair channelization to permit people to roll bicycles up and down stairways, but are uncommon in the United States. San Francisco’s BART has implemented a trial at 16th Street Station, as has Los Angeles Metro at the El Monte Bus Station. In both locations, users have expressed dissatisfaction with the design because it is too close to the wall and railings.<ref>Systemic Failure Blog. https://systemicfailure.wordpress.com/2011/11/21/the-problem-with-stair-channels/ </ref><ref>Boy on a Bike Blog. https://boyonabike.wordpress.com/tag/el-monte-station</ref>

==Bicycles and Escalators==
Most transit agencies prohibit bicycles on escalators (BART, LA Metro, for example) for safety reasons. If signs are erected prohibiting bicycles on escalators, it is recommended that the signage include directional information to stairs and/or elevators to improve compliance. The prohibition on escalators is often applicable to strollers or other wheeled devices for safety reasons.

==Bicycles and Elevators==
Since most stations have elevators in order to accommodate customers in wheelchairs, bicycling customers who cannot carry a bicycle up/down stairs usually have an alternative. Signage directing bicyclists to elevators can help improve compliance and use; but elevators are often avoided due to cleanliness and personal safety issues.

==Bicycles on Platform==
[[File:Bart-bike-waiting-area.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A customer using BART Bicycle Waiting Area. Photo by Marc Caswell.]]There is a nearly universal prohibition against riding any wheeled object on transit platforms for safety reasons. However, since customers may need to enter the train with their bicycle, people often push their devices on the platform. To reduce conflicts between customers boarding and alighting, some agencies such as BART have created 'Bicycle Waiting Areas' near the entrances but out of the way of those exiting the train.

==Bicycles on Trains==
Transit agencies across California have a variety of policies regarding bicycles on trains, trollies, or cable cars. Some agencies allow bicycles at all times; other limit access to specific hours or load conditions; some systems limit the number per car or prohibit bicycles altogether. Bicycle advocates often point to strollers or rolling bags as an analogous object, which is rarely regulated or prohibited on any trains.

[[File:Bike-on-sacramentortd-light-rail.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bicycle on a Sacramento Regional Transportation District Light Rail Vehicle. Photo by Paul Dorn.]]
* '''BART:''' In late 2013, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) lifted its prohibition on bicycles during rush hour, allowing riders to bring their bikes on trains at all hours. The system requests customers with bicycles to avoid entering crowded trains; and prohibits bicycles on the first three cars to provide a space for riders who do not want to share cars with bicycles. To complement this policy, BART modified seating layouts and created ‘Bicycle Priority Areas’ inside trains near the doors to allow customers with bikes easier access.<ref>Bay Area Rapid Transit Bicycle Rules. http://www.bart.gov/guide/bikes</ref>
* '''CalTrain:''' Bicycles are allowed inside bike cars on CalTrain, which can accommodate either 80 bikes or 48 bikes, depending on the cars on a specific train.<ref>CalTrain Bicycle Rules. http://www.caltrain.com/riderinfo/Bicycles/Bicycle_FAQs.html </ref>
* '''Sacramento Regional Transit:''' Bicycles are allowed on light rail trains operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District (SRTD) at all times. On older trains, bicycles can be placed near the front or rear of the train by the flip-up seats. On the newer trains, there are racks for up to four bicycles. SRTD requests that customers with bicycles board/alight after all other passengers have done so.<ref>Sacramento Regional Transit District Bicycle Rules. http://www.sacrt.com/biking.stm </ref>
* '''SFMTA:''' The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) operates both cable cars and light rail. Bicycles are not allowed on cable cars or historic light rail vehicles due to size constraints and issues with access. Bicycles are prohibited on modern light rail vehicles as well, due to the motorized raising and lowering of floors.<ref>San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Bicycle Rules. https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/transit/how-ride/how-to-ride-light-rail </ref>
* '''San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley:''' San Diego Metropolitan Transit System allows two bicycles on the trolley throughout the day, but only one during peak hours.<ref>San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley Bicycle Rules. http://www.sdmts.com/Bikes_onboard.asp </ref>
* '''Valley Transportation Authority (VTA):''' VTA allows up to six bicycles per light rail vehicle. Four are allowed on the provided racks, and two may stand on the center section of the vehicle.<ref>Valley Transportation Authority Bicycle Rules. http://www.vta.org/projects-and-programs/planning/bikes-bikes-on-transit </ref>

==Folding Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
When folded, folding bicycles are often similar in size to a standard briefcase or piece of luggage. Most agencies allow folded bicycles to be brought onto trains and vehicles, including all of the agencies mentioned above.

==Electric Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
Since electric bicycles are still a new technology, agencies have widely varying rules related to customers with electric bicycles. LA Metro prohibits all electric and fuel-powered bicycles. San Diego allows specific types of batteries and requires bicycles must be less than 55 pounds. VTA specifies: “Only human powered and sealed dry or gel cell electric assisted bicycles are allowed.” SFMTA and BART do not specify any rules regarding electric or gas-powered bicycles.

==Emergencies & Safety==
The most frequent concern regarding bicycles on transit vehicles is related to egress in the event of an emergency. While bicycles could pose a tripping hazard in such event, the threat is no more serious than strollers, luggage, or other objects carried by passengers. Clearly stated policies, such as BART, require that customers leave their bicycles in the event of emergency.

One other concern regarding bicycles and transit stems from a common myth that bicycles may be converted into pipe bombs. This stems from a sticker from Pensacola, Florida-based band named “This Bike is a Pipe Bomb” which has caused individuals to report these bicycles as an emergency threat. There have been a few bombings related to bicycles throughout history, but never in the United States and never on a transit vehicle. In most cases, the bomb was placed inside of a basket or bag -- and the bicycle was incidental to the movement of the weapon.<ref>Wikipedia: Bicycle Bomb. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_bomb </ref>

Bicycle access at transit stations

2015-06-19T20:53:48Z

Mcaswell:

[[File:Bikes-Boarding-Caltrain.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Customers boarding a CalTrain car. Photo by Bryan Goebel.]]
==Introduction==
Bicycling is a great way to complete the [[first and last-mile]] connection for transit operations and increase the radius of access for transit stations. People who arrive at transit stations by bike often face challenges in accessing the station – whether they use [[bicycle parking at the station]] or bring the bicycle on the vehicle.

Since many transit stations are either aboveground or belowground, it is important to evaluate how a customer with a bicycle could access the station and, ultimately, the vehicle. Stairs, escalators, and elevators pose specific challenges for customers with bicycles.

==Bicycles and Stairs==
[[File:Bikeramp-copenhagen.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bike ramp in Copenhagen. Photo by Jonathan Maus.]]While many customers may be able to lift their bicycle and carry it up and down stairs, people of smaller stature (especially women) or people with heavy bicycles may not be able to do so. Ramps that are designs for people in wheelchairs could be accessible to people on bicycle as well, though signs prohibiting riding on these ramps are often essential for safety.

Across the world there are numerous designs for stair channelization to permit people to roll bicycles up and down stairways, but are uncommon in the United States. San Francisco’s BART has implemented a trial at 16th Street Station, as has Los Angeles Metro at the El Monte Bus Station. In both locations, users have expressed dissatisfaction with the design because it is too close to the wall and railings.<ref>Systemic Failure Blog. https://systemicfailure.wordpress.com/2011/11/21/the-problem-with-stair-channels/ </ref><ref>Boy on a Bike Blog. https://boyonabike.wordpress.com/tag/el-monte-station</ref>

==Bicycles and Escalators==
Most transit agencies prohibit bicycles on escalators (BART, LA Metro, for example) for safety reasons. If signs are erected prohibiting bicycles on escalators, it is recommended that the signage include directional information to stairs and/or elevators to improve compliance. The prohibition on escalators is often applicable to strollers or other wheeled devices for safety reasons.

==Bicycles and Elevators==
Since most stations have elevators in order to accommodate customers in wheelchairs, bicycling customers who cannot carry a bicycle up/down stairs usually have an alternative. Signage directing bicyclists to elevators can help improve compliance and use; but elevators are often avoided due to cleanliness and personal safety issues.

==Bicycles on Platform==
[[File:Bart-bike-waiting-area.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A customer using BART Bicycle Waiting Area. Photo by Marc Caswell.]]There is a nearly universal prohibition against riding any wheeled object on transit platforms for safety reasons. However, since customers may need to enter the train with their bicycle, people often push their devices on the platform. To reduce conflicts between customers boarding and alighting, some agencies such as BART have created 'Bicycle Waiting Areas' near the entrances but out of the way of those exiting the train.

==Bicycles on Trains==
Transit agencies across California have a variety of policies regarding bicycles on trains, trollies, or cable cars. Some agencies allow bicycles at all times; other limit access to specific hours or load conditions; some systems limit the number per car or prohibit bicycles altogether. Bicycle advocates often point to strollers or rolling bags as an analogous object, which is rarely regulated or prohibited on any trains.

[[File:Bike-on-sacramentortd-light-rail.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bicycle on a Sacramento Regional Transportation District Light Rail Vehicle. Photo by Paul Dorn.]]
* '''BART:''' In late 2013, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) lifted its prohibition on bicycles during rush hour, allowing riders to bring their bikes on trains at all hours. The system requests customers with bicycles to avoid entering crowded trains; and prohibits bicycles on the first three cars to provide a space for riders who do not want to share cars with bicycles. To complement this policy, BART modified seating layouts and created ‘Bicycle Priority Areas’ inside trains near the doors to allow customers with bikes easier access.<ref>Bay Area Rapid Transit Bicycle Rules. http://www.bart.gov/guide/bikes</ref>
* '''CalTrain:''' Bicycles are allowed inside bike cars on CalTrain, which can accommodate either 80 bikes or 48 bikes, depending on the cars on a specific train.<ref>CalTrain Bicycle Rules. http://www.caltrain.com/riderinfo/Bicycles/Bicycle_FAQs.html </ref>
* '''Sacramento Regional Transit:''' Bicycles are allowed on light rail trains operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District (SRTD) at all times. On older trains, bicycles can be placed near the front or rear of the train by the flip-up seats. On the newer trains, there are racks for up to four bicycles. SRTD requests that customers with bicycles board/alight after all other passengers have done so.<ref>Sacramento Regional Transit District Bicycle Rules. http://www.sacrt.com/biking.stm </ref>
* '''SFMTA:''' The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) operates both cable cars and light rail. Bicycles are not allowed on cable cars or historic light rail vehicles due to size constraints and issues with access. Bicycles are prohibited on modern light rail vehicles as well, due to the motorized raising and lowering of floors.<ref>San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Bicycle Rules. https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/transit/how-ride/how-to-ride-light-rail </ref>
* '''San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley:''' San Diego Metropolitan Transit System allows two bicycles on the trolley throughout the day, but only one during peak hours.<ref>San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley Bicycle Rules. http://www.sdmts.com/Bikes_onboard.asp </ref>
* '''Valley Transportation Authority (VTA):''' VTA allows up to six bicycles per light rail vehicle. Four are allowed on the provided racks, and two may stand on the center section of the vehicle.<ref>Valley Transportation Authority Bicycle Rules. http://www.vta.org/projects-and-programs/planning/bikes-bikes-on-transit </ref>

==Folding Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
When folded, folding bicycles are often similar in size to a standard briefcase or piece of luggage. Most agencies allow folded bicycles to be brought onto trains and vehicles, including all of the agencies mentioned above.

==Electric Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
Since electric bicycles are still a new technology, agencies have widely varying rules related to customers with electric bicycles. LA Metro prohibits all electric and fuel-powered bicycles. San Diego allows specific types of batteries and requires bicycles must be less than 55 pounds. VTA specifies: “Only human powered and sealed dry or gel cell electric assisted bicycles are allowed.” SFMTA and BART do not specify any rules regarding electric or gas-powered bicycles.

==Emergencies & Safety==
The most frequent concern regarding bicycles on transit vehicles is related to egress in the event of an emergency. While bicycles could pose a tripping hazard in such event, the threat is no more serious than strollers, luggage, or other objects carried by passengers. Clearly stated policies, such as BART, require that customers leave their bicycles in the event of emergency.

One other concern regarding bicycles and transit stems from a common myth that bicycles may be converted into pipe bombs. This stems from a sticker from Pensacola, Florida-based band named “This Bike is a Pipe Bomb” which has caused individuals to report these bicycles as an emergency threat. There have been a few bombings related to bicycles throughout history, but never in the United States and never on a transit vehicle. In most cases, the bomb was placed inside of a basket or bag -- and the bicycle was incidental to the movement of the weapon.<ref>Wikipedia: Bicycle Bomb. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_bomb </ref>

Bicycle access at transit stations

2015-06-19T20:52:50Z

Mcaswell: Created new page on bike access at transit stations

[[File:Bikes-Boarding-Caltrain.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Customers boarding a CalTrain car. Photo by Bryan Goebel.]]
==Introduction==
Bicycling is a great way to complete the [[first and last-mile]] connection for transit operations and increase the radius of access for transit stations. People who arrive at transit stations by bike often face challenges in accessing the station – whether they use [[bicycle parking at the station]] or bring the bicycle on the vehicle.

Since many transit stations are either aboveground or belowground, it is important to evaluate how a customer with a bicycle could access the station and, ultimately, the vehicle. Stairs, escalators, and elevators pose specific challenges for customers with bicycles.

==Bicycles and Stairs==
[[File:Bikeramp-copenhagen.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bike ramp in Copenhagen. Photo by Jonathan Maus.]]While many customers may be able to lift their bicycle and carry it up and down stairs, people of smaller stature (especially women) or people with heavy bicycles may not be able to do so. Ramps that are designs for people in wheelchairs could be accessible to people on bicycle as well, though signs prohibiting riding on these ramps are often essential for safety.

Across the world there are numerous designs for stair channelization to permit people to roll bicycles up and down stairways, but are uncommon in the United States. San Francisco’s BART has implemented a trial at 16th Street Station, as has Los Angeles Metro at the El Monte Bus Station. In both locations, users have expressed dissatisfaction with the design because it is too close to the wall and railings.<ref>Systemic Failure Blog. https://systemicfailure.wordpress.com/2011/11/21/the-problem-with-stair-channels/ </ref><ref>Boy on a Bike Blog. https://boyonabike.wordpress.com/tag/el-monte-station</ref>

==Bicycles and Escalators==
Most transit agencies prohibit bicycles on escalators (BART, LA Metro, for example) for safety reasons. If signs are erected prohibiting bicycles on escalators, it is recommended that the signage include directional information to stairs and/or elevators to improve compliance. The prohibition on escalators is often applicable to strollers or other wheeled devices for safety reasons.

==Bicycles and Elevators==
Since most stations have elevators in order to accommodate customers in wheelchairs, bicycling customers who cannot carry a bicycle up/down stairs usually have an alternative. Signage directing bicyclists to elevators can help improve compliance and use; but elevators are often avoided due to cleanliness and personal safety issues.

==Bicycles on Platform==
[[File:Bart-bike-waiting-area.jpg|thumb|right|300px|A customer using BART Bicycle Waiting Area. Photo by Marc Caswell.]]There is a nearly universal prohibition against riding any wheeled object on transit platforms for safety reasons. However, since customers may need to enter the train with their bicycle, people often push their devices on the platform. To reduce conflicts between customers boarding and alighting, some agencies such as BART have created 'Bicycle Waiting Areas' near the entrances but out of the way of those exiting the train.

==Bicycles on Trains==
Transit agencies across California have a variety of policies regarding bicycles on trains, trollies, or cable cars. Some agencies allow bicycles at all times; other limit access to specific hours or load conditions; some systems limit the number per car or prohibit bicycles altogether. Bicycle advocates often point to strollers or rolling bags as an analogous object, which is rarely regulated or prohibited on any trains.

[[File:Bike-on-sacramentortd-light-rail.jpg|thumb|right|x300px|A bicycle on a Sacramento Regional Transportation District Light Rail Vehicle. Photo by Paul Dorn.]]
* '''BART:''' In late 2013, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) lifted its prohibition on bicycles during rush hour, allowing riders to bring their bikes on trains at all hours. The system requests customers with bicycles to avoid entering crowded trains; and prohibits bicycles on the first three cars to provide a space for riders who do not want to share cars with bicycles. To complement this policy, BART modified seating layouts and created ‘Bicycle Priority Areas’ inside trains near the doors to allow customers with bikes easier access.<ref>Bay Area Rapid Transit Bicycle Rules. http://www.bart.gov/guide/bikes</ref>
* '''CalTrain:''' Bicycles are allowed inside bike cars on CalTrain, which can accommodate either 80 bikes or 48 bikes, depending on the cars on a specific train.<ref>CalTrain Bicycle Rules. http://www.caltrain.com/riderinfo/Bicycles/Bicycle_FAQs.html </ref>
* '''Sacramento Regional Transit:''' Bicycles are allowed on light rail trains operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District (SRTD) at all times. On older trains, bicycles can be placed near the front or rear of the train by the flip-up seats. On the newer trains, there are racks for up to four bicycles. SRTD requests that customers with bicycles board/alight after all other passengers have done so.<ref>Sacramento Regional Transit District Bicycle Rules. http://www.sacrt.com/biking.stm </ref>
* '''SFMTA:''' The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) operates both cable cars and light rail. Bicycles are not allowed on cable cars or historic light rail vehicles due to size constraints and issues with access. Bicycles are prohibited on modern light rail vehicles as well, due to the motorized raising and lowering of floors.<ref>San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Bicycle Rules. https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/transit/how-ride/how-to-ride-light-rail </ref>
* '''San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley:''' San Diego Metropolitan Transit System allows two bicycles on the trolley throughout the day, but only one during peak hours.<ref>San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Trolley Bicycle Rules. http://www.sdmts.com/Bikes_onboard.asp </ref>
* '''Valley Transportation Authority (VTA):''' VTA allows up to six bicycles per light rail vehicle. Four are allowed on the provided racks, and two may stand on the center section of the vehicle.<ref>Valley Transportation Authority Bicycle Rules. http://www.vta.org/projects-and-programs/planning/bikes-bikes-on-transit </ref>

==Folding Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
When folded, folding bicycles are often similar in size to a standard briefcase or piece of luggage. Most agencies allow folded bicycles to be brought onto trains and vehicles, including all of the agencies mentioned above.

==Electric Bicycles on Transit Vehicles==
Since electric bicycles are still a new technology, agencies have widely varying rules related to customers with electric bicycles. LA Metro prohibits all electric and fuel-powered bicycles. San Diego allows specific types of batteries and requires bicycles must be less than 55 pounds. VTA specifies: “Only human powered and sealed dry or gel cell electric assisted bicycles are allowed.” SFMTA and BART do not specify any rules regarding electric or gas-powered bicycles.

==Emergencies & Safety==
The most frequent concern regarding bicycles on transit vehicles is related to egress in the event of an emergency. While bicycles could pose a tripping hazard in such event, the threat is no more serious than strollers, luggage, or other objects carried by passengers. Clearly stated policies, such as BART, require that customers leave their bicycles in the event of emergency.

One other concern regarding bicycles and transit stems from a common myth that bicycles may be converted into pipe bombs. This stems from a sticker from Pensacola, Florida-based band named “This Bike is a Pipe Bomb” which has caused individuals to report these bicycles as an emergency threat. There have been a few bombings related to bicycles throughout history, but never in the United States and never on a transit vehicle. In most cases, the bomb was placed inside of a basket or bag -- and the bicycle was incidental to the movement of the weapon.<ref>Wikipedia: Bicycle Bomb. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_bomb </ref>

File:Bike-on-sacramentortd-light-rail.jpg

2015-06-19T20:51:19Z

Mcaswell: A bicycle on a Sacramento Regional Transportation District Light Rail Vehicle. Photo by Paul Dorn.

A bicycle on a Sacramento Regional Transportation District Light Rail Vehicle. Photo by Paul Dorn.

File:Bikes-Boarding-Caltrain.jpg

2015-05-22T23:37:06Z

Mcaswell: Customers board a Bike Car on CalTrain. Photo by Bryan Goebel.

Customers board a Bike Car on CalTrain. Photo by Bryan Goebel.

File:Bart-bike-waiting-area.jpg

2015-05-22T23:24:51Z

Mcaswell: A 'Bike Waiting Area' to keep boarding and alighting flow smoothly in the BART 19th Street Station.

A 'Bike Waiting Area' to keep boarding and alighting flow smoothly in the BART 19th Street Station.

File:Bikeramp-copenhagen.jpg

2015-05-22T23:14:52Z

Mcaswell: A bike channel in Copenhagen Central Train Station allows users to use stairs without lifting their bicycle. Photo (C) Jonathan Maus of Bikeportland.com

A bike channel in Copenhagen Central Train Station allows users to use stairs without lifting their bicycle. Photo (C) Jonathan Maus of Bikeportland.com

Last mile connections

2015-05-22T22:08:22Z

Mcaswell:

[[File:Passenger boarding.jpg|thumbnail|right|The Emery Go-Round provides local transit connections to fill in the gap from the nearest BART station. ]]
== Intro ==
The "last-mile" or "first and last-mile" connection describes the beginning or end of an individual trip made primarily by public transportation. In many cases, people will walk to transit if it is close enough. However, on either end of a public transit trip, the origin or destination may be difficult or impossible to access by a short walk. This gap from public transit to destination is termed a ''last mile connection''.

Intercity rail is a common example: a traveler reaches their local train station, but after getting off the train has no way to access the final destination. The traveler might have driven to the train station at the start, or perhaps they took a local bus or walked. The train carries them a long distance to another city where the final destination is too far to walk to from the station. Without some form of connection in the destination city, travelers become effectively stranded near the end. This example can be applied to any mode of transit.

== Last Mile Connections ==
In reality, the last mile connection is more complex than the example above. Walking is often an acceptable connection, but typically only for short distances. Transit agencies may be concerned about major destinations that are more than 1/4 mile away from the nearest transit stop. Sometimes even walking is not an option, perhaps because of lacking infrastructure. In other cases, a long-distance line like a train may serve destinations with infrequent or nonexistent transit service.

There are many strategies for providing last mile connections:
=== Pedestrians and Cyclists ===
[[Pedestrian connections|ADA-compliant pedestrian infrastructure]] is a foundation of local travel anywhere, and is especially important in planning transit service. Transit planners must be cautious about assessing a potential rider base by simply drawing a 1/4 mile circle around stops. Geographic or urban barriers may prevent walking to transit<ref>Walker, Jarrett. "Basics: Walking Distance to Transit". Human Transit blog. Accessed 4 February 2014. http://www.humantransit.org/2011/04/basics-walking-distance-to-transit.html</ref>.

Bicycling extends the range of mobility and improves access, if it is safe (or even possible) to bike. It is important for transit agencies to provide high-quality [[Bike Parking At Transit Stations]]. Additionally, use of bikes differs by mode. For example, many agencies provide bicycle racks on the front of a bus, but will not allow bikes inside <ref>LACMTA. http://www.metro.net/bikes/</ref> <ref>SFMTA. http://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/bicycling/bikes-muni</ref> . This means that on low-frequency bus systems, a two or three-position bike rack may significantly limit the cycling-bus combination at peak. If the bike rack on the bus is full and there is no bike parking available near busy stops, some potential riders may choose not to take the bus. For rail systems, some agencies allow bikes on board, especially for light rail, but may not for street cars. Regional heavy and commuter rail systems sometimes have specific racks in train cars <ref>Metrolink. http://www.metrolinktrains.com/news/promotions_detail/title/Bike_Guidelines</ref>. Foldable bicycles are growing in popularity with commuters in some areas and may be allowable where standard bikes are not (such as on board a streetcar).

Bike share is a next-step to providing good infrastructure. Advanced bike share programs may be more challenging to implement in smaller, isolated cities. Instead, it may be more practical to make arrangements with local bike shops to have information or bike rentals near transit.

=== Wayfinding ===
Information is not a physical connection, but is critical for transit users to successfully navigate a system. Wayfinding can be a city-wide visual style for signs directing to common destinations, or as simple as a good bus schedule pamphlet. Agencies should carefully present information, focusing on clarity and simplicity. Information should be presented as if the reader is unfamiliar with the area to accommodate visitors and newcomers. Wayfinding can also include [[out-of-vehicle experience]].

=== Local Transit ===
Local transit connections to regional transit can include shuttle buses or regular stops by fixed-route service. For example, Emeryville, CA, provides a free bus shuttle system connecting to the nearest BART station<ref>NPR. "How a Free Bus Shuttle Helped a Small Town Take Off" November 13, 2013. http://www.npr.org/2013/11/13/243955769/how-a-free-bus-shuttle-helped-make-a-small-town-take-off</ref><ref>Emeryville TMA. Emery Go Round website. Accessed 4 February 2014. http://www.emerygoround.com/schedule-maps</ref>. Connecting local and regional service can be challenging. If the local service is infrequent, long waits for connections will turn off passengers. Timing local service to connect, or even wait for regional service is an option, but may decrease reliability elsewhere on the route.

=== Taxis ===
Taxis are a heavily-regulated, but otherwise overlooked alternative for last mile connections. While taxis proliferate around airports, hotels, and nightclubs, their role in public transit is less clear <ref>Kaing, E. K. (2012). The taxi: Friend or foe? understanding planners' perceptions of the taxi industry. (Order No. 1511792, University of California, Los Angeles). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 107. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1021391072?accountid=14512. (1021391072).</ref>. Transit planners may consider contracting with taxi services to enhance transit access. In some cities, especially in tourist centers and warmer climates, "pedi-cabs" (bicycle taxis) can also provide these connections over a smaller area.

=== Car Sharing and Ride Sharing Apps ===
Car sharing, such as ZipCar, Car2Go, and many others, can provide the highest level of connection and flexibility. Availability of shared cars around major transit stations can allow transit riders to reach their final destination quickly. However, this is probably most practical for occasional transit users and for long-distance modes like intercity rail. Further research is needed.

Another emerging application of smartphone technology in transportation is ride sharing apps such as Lyft, Uber, and Sidecar. These apps match up vetted drivers with riders in an ad-hoc taxi-like system <ref>Deakin, Elizabeth et al. "Dynamic Ridesharing". http://www.uctc.net/access/40/access40_dynamicridesharing.shtml. Access Magazine. 2012. Issue 40. </ref>. Although the ability to manage or directly incorporate this new alternative into the transit network remains in question, transit planners should be aware of the existence and growth in the ride sharing app market.

=== Zoning and Density ===
Although outside the control of most transit agencies, zoning and density affect how transit agencies deliver service. In some areas, a light rail or major bus line may not serve the full potential customer base because low density and sprawl spread customers out of walking range. Planning for [[park-and-rides]] at major stations can encourage some users to make the short drive and use transit for the majority of the trip<ref>NPR. "Rail Planners Aim To Re-Train L.A.'s Car Culture" April 30, 2013 http://www.npr.org/2013/04/30/179992119/re-training-los-angeles-car-culture</ref>. However, working with communities to encourage [[Transit-oriented development|density around transit]] is important.

== Additional Reading ==
Flamm, Bradley and Rivasplata, Charles. [http://transweb.sjsu.edu/PDFs/research/1104-bicycle-policy-transit-accessibility-first-last-mile.pdf "Perceptions of Bicycle-Friendly Policy Impacts on Accessibility to Transit Services: The First and Last Mile Bridge"]. January 2014. Mineta Transportation Institute.

== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Investment and planning]]
[[Category:Market Response]]

Bike parking at transit stations

2015-05-22T22:05:56Z

Mcaswell: added photos

File:Green-Line-Bike-Lockers.jpg

2015-05-22T22:04:52Z

Mcaswell: Bike Lockers at a LA Metro Green Line Station. Photo by LA Metro.

Bike Lockers at a LA Metro Green Line Station. Photo by LA Metro.

File:Tagged-wheel.jpg

2015-05-22T22:02:20Z

Mcaswell:

A bicycle wheel with a dated tag on it to allow transit stations to identify abandoned bicycles in Lusanne, Switzerland train station.

File:Bart-bike-parking.jpg

2015-05-22T22:01:13Z

Mcaswell: Photo of BART bike parking inside faregate, visible to station agent to reduce theft. Photo by Aaron Neparstek.

Photo of BART bike parking inside faregate, visible to station agent to reduce theft. Photo by Aaron Neparstek.

File:Tagged-wheel.jpg

2015-05-22T21:58:06Z

Mcaswell: A bicycle wheel with a dated tag on it to allow transit stations to identify abandoned bicycles in Lussanne, Switzerland train station.

A bicycle wheel with a dated tag on it to allow transit stations to identify abandoned bicycles in Lussanne, Switzerland train station.

File:Long-beach-bike-station.jpg

2015-05-22T21:54:41Z

Mcaswell: An ariel view of the Long Beach Bikestation next to the Blue Line Transit Stop. Photo by Bikestation.com

An ariel view of the Long Beach Bikestation next to the Blue Line Transit Stop. Photo by Bikestation.com

File:Caltrain-bike-parking.jpeg

2015-05-22T21:46:19Z

Mcaswell: A photo of Caltrain's Downtown SF Valet Bike Parking Facility. Photo by SFBike

A photo of Caltrain's Downtown SF Valet Bike Parking Facility. Photo by SFBike

Bike parking at transit stations

2015-05-22T21:35:29Z

Mcaswell: created new page on bike parking at transit stations

==Introduction==
Bicycling is a great way to complete the [[last mile connection]] for transit operations and transit users are often faced with two options: leave the bike at their station or bring it aboard with them. Providing welcoming, secure bicycle parking facilities is a great way to help customers feel at ease leaving their bicycle and to expand the catchment area for transit station use.

While many transit systems allow customers to bring their bicycle on trains, some transit systems, such as San Francisco’s MUNI Light Rail do not. When bicycle access is prohibited or limited, it is even more essential that systems provide bike parking that will allow people to leave their bicycle, regardless of value.

==Class I Bike Parking ==

Class 1 Bicycle Parking Spaces are defined as “Facilities which protect the entire bicycle, its components and accessories against theft and against inclement weather, including wind-driven rain.”<ref>SFMTA. "Bicycle Parking: Standards, Guidelines, Recommendations." Accessed May 22, 2015 http://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/Bicycle_Parking_Guidelines.pdf</ref>. These facilities include lockers, monitored parking, or restricted access areas. For customers who plan to leave their bicycle at the transit station all day, Class I bike parking is often the preferred choice.

===Long-Term Locker Rentals===
Some transit systems, such as LA Metro, offer locker rentals on an six-month basis to individuals. Long-term rental programs often require the public to be added to waiting lists and prevent casual use of lockers – but since they require little technological investments, are often less costly than other programs.

===Electronic Lockers===
Modern technology allows for easy pay-per-minute locker rentals using systems such as [https://www.bikelink.org/ BikeLink] or magnetized passes. Depending on the provider, these programs can accommodate immediate sign-up for casual locker users and require little oversight by agency staff, especially if integrated with the transit users farecard.

===Concerns with Lockers===
Transit systems often have lockers both inside and outside stations, though security is sometimes a concern for underground stations. Lockers are large and bulky and are often an attractive canvas for graffiti.

===Limited Access Rooms===
The BART Station at Embarcadero and Berkeley have locked rooms where customers can gain access to the room only by using a membership-based BikeLink card. The Embarcadero Station room is available to users during station hours, while the Berkeley Station facility is available 24 hours a day for subscribers. By limiting access, this type of facility can qualify as Class I Bike Parking, though the bikes are still prone to theft if someone is able to gain access to the room. Users are encouraged to use standard locking process and remove components, though reported thefts are rare. Since these types of facilities require user registration, users must plan ahead and request an access key weeks in advance, which can limit acceptance from a broader base.

===Valet/Monitored Stations===
Just like car valet or monitored parking garages, some transit stations operate programs where bicycles are either parked or, at least, watched by a paid staff member. BART Stations in Fruitvale and Berkeley and CalTrain in downtown San Francisco operate street-level bike parking that also operate as bike repair shops and bike accessory shops. The City of Long Beach operates a Bike Station in a transit-only mall near the LA Metro Blue Line station in downtown. These programs are often funded in part by the transit systems and operated by private for-profit companies. Valet stations park bikes during the day at no or low-cost and operate during operational hours of the transit system. Some locations offer 24-hour access for members in addition to monitored station for an additional fee. Los Angeles Metro has plans to open valet facilities in Union Station and at the Hollywood/Vine Red Line station in the coming years.

==Class II (short-term) Bike Parking==

Class 2 bike parking is defined as: “Bicycle racks which permit the locking of the bicycle frame and one wheel to the rack and, which support the bicycle in a stable position without ds/Bicycle_Parking_Guidelines.pdf</ref> These include inverted-U bike racks and many other types of racks available through a variety of commercial companies.

===Location===

Bike parking should be easily visible from the entrance of a transit station, and signage should be provided where appropriate. Bike access to the station should be made easy through elevators, escalators, or ramps and agencies to work to avoid requiring customers to carry bikes up or down stairs, if possible.

For security, bike parking should be provided on the interior of the faregate to reduce potential for theft. If there is a station agent, it is recommended the bike parking be located in their line of sight to further deter theft.

The area should be well-lit and not secluded for both personal safety and theft deterrence.

===Types of Racks===

While there are many bike racks available on the market, it is important that the rack have the ability to accommodate a variety of locks including U-locks and chains. The racks should allow an individual to easily secure their bicycle frame (not just the wheel) to the rack. Two points of contact help keeps bicycle upright, which can cause tripping hazards and/or damage bicycles.

BART Stations in Oakland have begun to use stacked bike parking which has increased capacity without increasing the footprint of the facility.

==Abandoned Bike Policies==

One of the most challenging aspects of providing public bike storage is managing abandoned bicycles. While the overwhelmingly majority of bicycles will be locked and removed in a timely manner, there will inevitably be a few bikes that are left for an extended period of time, reducing capacity. Transit agencies should post clear signage that bicycles may not be stored longer than a designated period and are subject to removal (for example, 72 hours). Though this law will not require daily enforcement, a periodic sweep of all parked bicycles can help to keep bike racks available to customers.

During these ‘sweeps’ a staff member may place a tag around the bicycle’s handlebars or wheel stating that the bike is subject to removal in 72 hours unless this tag is removed. Those who retrieve their bicycles in a timely fashion can simply remove the tag, and those who have left their bikes an extended period can be removed. This process would likely be required no more than 2-4 times a year for most stations.

Bike locks are relatively easy to remove, and there are a variety of agencies, such as local YMCA’s, homeless shelters, or other non-profits who would likely accept the bicycles as a donation for those in need. Contact a local bicycle advocacy organization in your area for more local recommendations.